Effect of different levels of raw and heated grass pea seed (Lathyrus sativus) on nutrient digestibility,intestinal villus morphology and growth performance of broiler chicks

This study aimed to investigate chemical composition and effect of different levels (0%, 10% and 20%) of raw grass pea (RGP) and heat‐treated (120 °C for 30 min) grass pea seed (HGP) on nutrient digestibility, dressing percentage, relative internal organ weights, intestinal villous morphology and broiler chicks' performance. A total number of 200 day‐old male chicks were raised under similar condition for 10 days. On day 11, chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments and four replicates of 10 birds each. The result of chemical analysis indicated that Iranian grass pea seed has low levels of total and condensed tannin, and it may be considered as a good source of protein (36.1%) and energy (17.09 kJ GE/g). Heat treatment reduced (p < 0.05) the total and condensed tannin to 21% and 78% respectively. Grass peas seed had higher levels of nitrogen‐free extract, P, Na, Mg and Zn than soya bean meal. The apparent digestibility of gross energy and lipid was affected (p < 0.01) by the treatment diets, and it was the lowest after feeding 20% of HGP (p < 0.05). The relative weight of breast and pancreas (p < 0.05) was affected by treatments. Percentage weight of breast and pancreas increased (p < 0.05) after feeding high levels (20%) of RGP and HGP. Substitution of 20% of RGP and HGP increased the duodenal crypt depth (p < 0.05); however, it had no suppressive effect on villus height as the absorptive surface of intestine. The feed conversion ratio was not affected by the treatments in the total experimental period. This study showed that, although the high level of grass pea seed caused a remarkable increase in the relative weight of pancreas and decreased the apparent digestibility of gross energy and lipid, it had beneficial effect on breast relative weight. It seems that heat processing is not effective method for improving quality of Iranian grass pea seed.     

Effect of water extract from spent mushroom substrate after Ganoderma balabacense cultivation by using JUNCAO technique on production performance and hematology parameters of dairy cows

The spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma balabacense cultivation (SMSGB) contains a large amount of bioactive substances. However, the potentials of SMSGB for improving milk production in dairy cows have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the effects of hot water extract (HWE) from spent mushroom substrate after G. balabacense cultivated with JUNCAO, the herbaceous plants long‐known to be suitable for cultivating edible and medicinal fungi, on production performance and hematology parameters of dairy cows, were determined. Holstein dairy cows were fed different doses of HWE. After a 60‐day administration period with 100 g/day of HWE, milk yield, milk protein and triglyceride (TG) levels increased by 4.02% (P < 0.01), 4.49% (P < 0.05) and 32.65% (P < 0.05), respectively; somatic cell count (SCC) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The production performance of dairy cows suggests that HWE with SMSGB treatment is effective in improving milk yield (P < 0.01) and hematology parameters of dairy cows, and may be useful as a functional feed additive.     

人工神经网络在木材缺陷检测中的应用

采用射线作为检测手段，对木材进行无损检测。在无损检测信号处理和特征构造的基础上。运用特征参数建立了缺陷识别的数学模型，针对无损检测信号的特征，构造了人工神经网络。选用反向传播神经网络模型（BP网络），网络识别所需要的特征参数能够反映木材缺陷的全部特征。     

印榕仙人掌栽培和胭脂虫养殖技术

用胭脂虫干体加工提取的胭脂红，广泛应用于食品、医药、纺织和化妆等行业。胭脂虫（Dactylopius coccus costa）的唯一寄主是仙人掌。中国林科院资源昆虫研究所从墨西哥等地引种印榕仙人掌（Opuntia ficus-indica（L））在元江等地取得成功。文章介绍了印榕仙人掌的栽培和胭脂虫的养殖技术。     

4种乡土阔叶树种容器苗生长规律及其培育技术研究

选用苦槠、小叶青冈、枫香与木荷4种乡土优良阔叶树种开展容器苗生长规律及其培育技术研究,结果表明,4个树种的苗高、地径生长规律不尽相同,苗高在7-9月呈直线型生长,9-11月生长趋缓;地径则在6- 11月呈均匀直线型生长。由木荷容器苗在设施大棚内、外培育比较知,优良的设施条件主要影响出苗期与幼苗期苗木的生长量。并提出了容器苗生产培育中控制苗木生长的时期和节约培育成本的技术。     

我国橡实资源的开发利用

我国橡实资源非常丰富 ,有 7属 3 0 0多种 ,分布广泛 .据统计 ,我国约有橡实林 1.3 3× 10 7～ 1.67× 10 7hm2 ,年产橡实 60～ 70亿 kg.橡实营养丰富 ,橡仁含淀粉 5 0 %～ 70 %、可溶性糖 2 %～ 8%、单宁 0 .2 6%～ 17.74%、蛋白质 1.17%～ 8.72 %、油脂1.0 4%～ 6.86%、粗纤维 1.13 %～ 5 .89%、灰分 1.3 0 %～ 3 .40 % ;橡壳也含有大量的色素和单宁等成分 .橡实全身是宝 ,其开发利用的前景十分广阔 .对橡仁、橡壳进行综合利用 ,可以生产出淀粉、色素及一系列副产品 ,利用率将近 10 0 % ,几乎不产生任何污染 .同时还可以将橡实淀粉加工成变性淀粉等系列产品 ,从而提高产品的科技含量和经济价值 .我国橡实资源的开发利用不容乐观 ,存在资源破坏严重等系列问题 .为此 ,提出了旨在充分发挥资源优势、扩大利用规模、提高经济效益的开发利用的对策 .     

高浓度CO2下红松幼苗根系呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献

本文于2003年5月至10月在长白山森林生态系统定位站内研究了高浓度CO2(500和700靘olmol-1)对红松幼苗土壤呼吸以及根系呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献。经过4个生长季高浓度CO2的处理,利用LI-6400-09土壤呼吸室对红松幼苗土壤总呼吸和根系呼吸进行了测定。为了区分根系呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献,本文采用了PVC管断根法,即每种处理下将三根PVC管插入土壤中30cm以切断根系,从而终止了植物冠层对根系碳水化合物的供应。分别于6月16日、8月20日和10月8日对管内外土壤呼吸进行了测定。结果表明大气和土壤5cm温度都存在明显的日变化,但不同处理之间没有显著差别(P>0.05)。土壤总呼吸和断根土壤呼吸也有明显的日变化和季节变化。不同处理之间土壤总呼吸和断根土壤呼吸差异显著(P<0.01)。6月16日、8月20日和10月8日不同处理下土壤总呼吸和根系呼吸的贡献的平均值分别为3.26、4.78和1.47靘olm-2s-1以及11.5%、43.1%和27.9%。图5表1参38。     

水土流失地区的相思栽培技术

通过在新会市罗坑一带的严重水土流失地段营造相思的试验结果表明，造林后１年其郁闭度一般可达０．８～０．９，有效地覆盖光秃的林地，达到了控制水土流失的目的。文中针对水土流失地区的特点，提出了一整套在严重水土流失地上营造相思林的技术措施。     

甜樱桃贮藏保鲜技术规程

总结了甜樱桃标准化贮藏保鲜技术要点,包括采收技术要点、运输入库和预冷、分级包装、贮藏技术要点、保鲜库管理、贮期病害及防治、贮藏应急情况处理措施、出库及运输、销售、贮藏环境和果品检测方法等内容。     

高效弓箭捕杀鼢鼠技术

采用古代兵器弓箭、弩弓的射杀原理，改造自制成高效弓箭(GXGJ)，结合鼢鼠的生活习性和危害规律捕杀鼢鼠，简单、易行，捕杀准确率在95％以上。